When they lived:

St. Sabas, also known as Saint Sabbas or Sabas the Sanctified, lived during the late 5th century and into the early 6th century. He was born in 439 AD and passed away in 532 AD.

Where they lived:

St. Sabas spent the majority of his life in the Judean Desert, which is located in the eastern part of the Holy Land, near Jerusalem. He was closely associated with the Mar Saba Monastery, one of the oldest active monasteries in the world, situated in the Kidron Valley.

Notable world events during the time of their life:

• The Fall of the Western Roman Empire (476 AD): This marked a significant transition in the history of Europe.
• The Council of Chalcedon (451 AD): A major ecumenical council of the Christian Church.
• The Life of St. Benedict (c. 480–547 AD): St. Benedict founded the Benedictine Order.
• The Byzantine-Persian War (502–506 AD): A time of conflict in the Eastern Mediterranean.
• The Birth of Boethius (c. 480–524 AD): A Roman philosopher and statesman.
• The Academy of Gondishapur (c. 3rd–7th century AD): A center for learning and translation of Greek and Roman texts in the East.
• The Plague of Justinian (541–542 AD): A pandemic with a profound impact on the Eastern Roman Empire.

Their patronage:

St. Sabas is the patron saint of monasticism, monks, and hermits. He is revered for his ascetic lifestyle, commitment to prayer and meditation, and his role in the development of monasticism in the Eastern Orthodox tradition. St. Sabas’ life and teachings continue to inspire those who seek spiritual growth and a deeper connection with their faith through solitude and contemplation.

Early Life

Little is known about the early life of St. Sabas. He was born in Cappadocia, which is a region in modern-day Turkey, and was raised in a Christian family. At a young age, he became a monk and dedicated his life to God.

Founding of the Mar Saba Monastery

In 483 AD, St. Sabas founded the Mar Saba Monastery, which was located in the Kidron Valley near Jerusalem. The monastery was built on a site that had been used for hermitages for centuries, and it quickly became an important center of monastic life. St. Sabas is credited with establishing a strict set of rules for the monastery, which were based on the principles of prayer, hard work, and self-denial.

Contributions to Monasticism

St. Sabas is known for his contributions to the development of monasticism, which is the practice of living a solitary life devoted to religious practices such as prayer and contemplation. He is considered one of the “fathers” of Eastern monasticism, along with St. Anthony the Great and St. Pachomius.

St. Sabas is also known for his efforts to reform and revitalize monasticism in Palestine, which had become lax and corrupt. He was a strong advocate for the solitary life of the hermit, and he encouraged monks to live in small, isolated communities rather than in large, urban monasteries. He believed that this type of monasticism was more conducive to a life of prayer and contemplation.

Later Life and Legacy

St. Sabas spent the latter part of his life traveling throughout Palestine and the surrounding region, preaching and establishing monasteries. He is said to have visited many of the holy places in Palestine, including Bethlehem, the Jordan River, and the Mount of Olives.

St. Sabas died in 532 AD at the age of 93. He was canonized as a saint by the Eastern Orthodox Church, and his feast day is celebrated on December 5th.

Today, the Mar Saba Monastery still stands and is considered one of the oldest and most important monasteries in the world. It is a popular site for pilgrims and tourists, and it continues to be a center of monastic life.

Conclusion

St. Sabas was a monk and priest who is known for his contributions to the early Christian monastic movement. He is considered one of the “fathers” of Eastern monasticism, and he is credited with founding the Mar Saba Monastery, which is one of the oldest and most important monasteries in the world. His legacy continues to be celebrated in the Eastern Orthodox Church, and his teachings continue to inspire monastic communities today.

 

Bl. Odilia Baumgarten – A Remarkable Life

When She Lived:

Blessed Odilia Baumgarten, also known as Sister Maria Teresa of the Heart of Jesus, lived from December 20, 1853, to April 9, 1926.

Where She Lived:

Blessed Odilia Baumgarten was born in Günzburg, Bavaria, which is now part of Germany. She spent most of her life in Europe, particularly in the areas of Germany and Switzerland.

Notable World Events During Her Life:

• Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871): This war between France and the Kingdom of Prussia (later becoming part of Germany) had a significant impact on Europe’s political landscape. The war resulted in the unification of Germany under Prussian leadership and the establishment of the German Empire.
• Invention of the Telephone (1876): Alexander Graham Bell’s invention of the telephone revolutionized communication, paving the way for a global telecommunications network and connecting people across vast distances.
• Women’s Suffrage Movement: During Blessed Odilia’s lifetime, the women’s suffrage movement was gaining momentum in various parts of the world. Notably, New Zealand became the first country to grant women the right to vote in national elections in 1893, setting a significant precedent for other nations.
• Einstein’s Theory of Relativity (1905): Albert Einstein’s groundbreaking theory of special relativity, published in 1905, revolutionized the understanding of time, space, and gravity, laying the foundation for modern physics.
• World War I (1914-1918): The First World War was one of the most devastating conflicts in history, involving numerous countries and resulting in millions of casualties. It profoundly impacted society, politics, and international relations.
• Russian Revolution (1917): The Russian Revolution brought about the fall of the Russian monarchy and the rise of communism, leading to significant changes in the geopolitical landscape and the spread of socialist ideologies.

Patronage:

Blessed Odilia Baumgarten is the patroness of expectant mothers, difficult marriages, and victims of abuse. Her life was marked by compassion and dedication to the suffering, making her an inspiring figure for those facing challenges in these areas.

Early Life

There is little known about Blessed Odilia Baumgarten. What little is known often associates her with Blessed Marie-Anne Vayo.

History records that Odilia Baumgarten was born in Gordrexang, Eastern France. She was born on November 15, 1750.

Her family was a lowly family of millers. The Baumgartens lived a very simple life.

As a child, Odilia’s father then told her stories about how the church was found by Saint Vincent. These stories often amused Odilia and shepromised herself to serve God all her life.

Years later, Odilia Baumgarten discovered the community of the Daughters of Mercy. She first met them in Vic-Sur-Seille, and she sought to live how they lived. Although lacking financially to some extent, she loved how the Daughters of Mercy helped the poor.

Dedication and Devotion

On August 4, 1774, Odilia joined the society of the Daughters of Mercy in Brest, Paris. She was just 24 years old.

There, she spent time understanding their lifestyle. It was probably during this period that she met

After staying with the congregation for a while, Odilia was dischargedto Angers, Western France, to help take care of victims of the plagues in a hospital called Saint-Jean.

While serving in Angers, the French Revolution broke out. This marked the beginning of the persecution of Christians in 1789.

Christians were reported to the authorities, arrested, tortured, and punished. Citizens were expected to not only denounce their faith in Christ but also denounce their faith in the Church and even the pope.

People who defected from these instructions were stripped of their property, banished, or even killed. The government sought to dissolve not only religious institutions but also religion-backed institutions, including the hospital ministry of the Daughters of Mercy.

While many of the institutions shrank in fear, the Superioress of the Daughters of Mercy community encouraged the sisters to continue to serve God through the sick. She encouraged them to have faith in God and not be intimidated by the acts of men.

In order to frustrate the sisters, the Jacob Democratic Party of France tried to make all members of the Daughters of Mercy community take an oath to denounce their faith in public.

All the sisters, however, refused to take the oath and were immediately rounded up and arrested. On January 19, 1794, when Odilia Baumgarten was 43, she and all her sisters in faith were arrested.

They were held and tortured for data. On the 1st of February in the same year, they were taken to the public library along with other erring individuals.

Death and Canonization

On the 1st day of February 1784, Blessed Odilia Baumgarten was shot and killed in Avrillé, Maine-et-Loire, France.

She died, like many others that day, for her staunch belief in God and the Church.

Blessed Odilia Baumgarten was consecrated by Pope John Paul II on February 19, 1984. She is remembered by the Church on January 2.

5 Interesting Facts About Blessed Odilia Baumgarten

1. Did you know that Blessed Odilia Baumgarten was a part of the
   Society of Saint Vincent de Paul?
2. Did you know that Blessed Odilia Baumgarten died a virgin?
3. Did you know that Odilia Baumgarten has not been named Patron saint?
   by anyone?
4. Did you know that Blessed Odilia Baumgarten is named after a Catholic
   liturgy?
5. Did you know that Blessed Odilia Baumgarten was one of the 99 martyrs of
   the French Revolution to be blessed by Pope Saint John Paul II?

When they lived:

Saint Clarus the Hermit is believed to have lived during the 5th century.

Where they lived:

Saint Clarus is associated with various locations in Europe, including France and Switzerland. He is particularly venerated in the Swiss Alps region.

Notable world events during the time of their life:

• Fall of the Western Roman Empire (476 CE): The Western Roman Empire fell in 476 CE, marking a significant event in the transition from ancient to medieval times.
• Invasion of the Huns and Barbarian Migrations: During this period, various barbarian groups, including the Huns, invaded different parts of Europe, leading to significant political and cultural changes.
• Council of Ephesus (431 CE): This early Christian council affirmed the beliefs about the nature of Christ and played a crucial role in shaping Christian doctrine.
• Life of Saint Patrick (c. 385–461 CE): Saint Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland, lived during a similar timeframe and is known for his missionary work and contributions to Christianity in Ireland.

Patronage:

Saint Clarus is often invoked as the patron saint against eye diseases and for good weather, particularly by those involved in farming and agriculture. His connection to the Swiss Alps also makes him a patron of mountain regions and those who live in isolated environments.

 

Early Life

More popularly known as St. Clarus, the hermit. Also called St. Clair. St. Clarus was born into an English noble house in Rochester, England, the United Kingdom, and was a saint of the seventh century. Unfortunately, not much information about St. Clarus’s birth, family, and upbringing was stated.

But one thing that stands out is that he left his rich, noble pedigree to pursue a life of solitude, prayer, and devotion.

Life of Devotion

St. Clarus went on to become a priest and joined the Benedictine monks. He traveled to France and settled in Vexin, near Naqueville, near Rouen, where he lived as a hermit (someone living in solitude away from society as a religious discipline).

He devoted his life to teaching and preaching the truths of salvation to people. St. Clarus preached Christianity by word and example.

He was never afraid of standing for the gospel and was consumed by his passion for God.

Death

Like many other saints, St. Clarus paid the ultimate price for his faith and belief in God. St. Clarus’s death came at the hands of an unnamed wealthy noblewoman.

History has it that this woman, obviously of high standing in society, became obsessed with St. Clarus and made advances on him. To escape her advances, he fled into a nearby forest.

Spurned by his rejection of her, she went seeking revenge. This unnamed noblewoman sent two ruffians after him into the forest. When the ruffians found him, they beheaded him.

St. Clarus died a Martyr of Chastity, courage, and discipline for his faith. His date of death was said to be around 875 AD.

After St. Clarus’s death, a shrine was erected in his honor on the very spot where his blood was shed. This shrine has become a pilgrimage center for people far and near.

His feast day is on November 4.

References

Father Alban Butler. “Saint Clarus, Martyr.” Lives of the Fathers,Martyrs, and Principal Saints, [1866] {.ul}. CatholicSaints.Info, November 3, 2013. Web. 30 July 2021. [https://catholicsaints.info/butlers-lives-of-the-saints-saint-clarus-martyr] {.ul}

[https://catholicreadings.org/saint-clarus-the-hermit-saint-of-the-day-november-4/]{.ul}

5 Interesting Facts About St. Clarus

• The French village where his death took place was given his name.
  immortalize him (Saint-Calir-Sur-Eph), and a shrine built on his
  blood to mark what he stood for.
• Did you know his name means bright or Clear and is made use of by
  the Romans in the sense of famous
• In a wall painting in the chapel of the English College in Rome, you
  will find a representation of St. Clarus (one of the few English
  saints bestowed the honor.
• St. Clarius shares a similar story with the biblical Joseph by
  fleeing from powerful women who made advances on them.
• You should know that he is honored with singular veneration in the
  dioceses of Rouen, Beauvais, and Paris.

Prayer to St. Clarus

Although there is no official prayer to saint Clarus, these beautiful words extracted from the Old Hermit’s Almanac and authored by Edward M.Hays on saint Clarus is a good form of worship. “Rub your eyes and ask St. Clarus to make you long-sighted so you can see the bigger picture in life. Just as myopia causes distant objects to be blurred, the myopia of the spirit causes you to lack discernment in planning ahead.”

Born in 1247 A.D., Saint Margaret was born in Laviano, Italy. She was born to farming parents, and at the tender age of seven years old, she lost her dear mother. Soon after her mother’s death, her father remarried.

Saint Margaret did not see eye to eye with her stepmother, though. At the age of seventeen, she ran away with Arsenio. She stayed with him for a total of ten years in his castle as his mistress and even bore him a son.

One day, he did not return to the castle in which they were staying. After much investigation into his disappearance, it came to light that her beloved was murdered in a forest nearby.

How did this young woman come to her faith after experiencing such heartache? Let’s read on and find out!

Saint Margaret’s Turn to the Church

The loss of her beloved Arsenio shook Saint Margaret to such a point that she took on a life of prayer and penance. Soon after his death,Saint Margaret left the castle with her child and attempted to return home to her father. Outlawed by her stepmother, Saint Margaret and her son took up living with the Franciscan friars in Cortona.

In 1277, Saint Margaret joined the Third Order of St. Francis. Here, she made the choice to live in poverty and begged for only bread and sustenance. She continued with her life of prayer and penance in Cortona.

Later, Saint Margaret established a hospital in Cortona. It was here that she looked after the sick, homeless, and impoverished people of Cortona and its environs. To ensure there were enough nurses for the running of the hospital, Saint Margaret established the congregation of Tertiary Sisters.

Furthermore, another order was established by Saint Margaret that was devoted to Our Lady of Mercy. The members of this order also devoted themselves to supporting the hospital and helping the needy as much as they could.

The Last Years of Saint Margaret

Only on two occasions did Saint Margaret of Cortona involve herself in public affairs. On both occasions, Saint Margaret challenged the Bishop of Arezzo. Why did she do this? This was simply because he lived and engaged in war like a prince. She did not agree with this, and thus she took it upon herself to challenge him.

When he refused to change his ways, Saint Margaret moved in and took up residence in the ruined church of Basil of Caesarea (now called Santa Margherita). Here, she lived her last remaining years. She passed away on February 22, 1297, at the age of 50 years old.

Canonization

On May 16, 1728, Saint Margaret was canonized by Pope Benedict XIII. She is further honored with a Lesser Feast. This feast takes place on the liturgical calendar of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America on February 22.

Further honoring this, the Church of Santa Margherita in Cortona was rebuilt. Her body now lies in a silver casket under the church, embalmed.

Patronage

Saint Margaret of Cortona has strong patronage for several things in society. The patronage of Saint Margaret lay against temptations, falsely accused people, homeless people, insanity, sexual temptation, single laywomen, and loss of parents. Furthermore, her patronage also includes people with mental illness, midwives, penitent women, single mothers, people ridiculed for their pity, third children, and reformed prostitutes.

5 Interesting Facts About St. Margaret of Cortona

• The body of Saint Margaret of Cortona was once believed to be
  incorrupt. This means that it was believed that her body had the
  divine right to avoid the process of decomposition.
• A 1950 biographical film was made about the life of Saint Margaret.
  of Cortona. This film was directed and written by Mario Bonnard, with
  Maria Frau stars as Margaret.
• While on their stay with the Franciscan friars in Cortona, her son
  became a friar.
• Before returning to the home where she grew up, Saint Margaret
  returned all the gifts her late beloved had gifted her to his family.
• Sinners were drawn to Saint Margaret for her advice and
  inspiration.

Prayer to St. Margaret of Cortona

God our Father, through the intercession of Saint Margaret of Cortona,we renew our resolve to fulfill the obligation of Lenten penance. Be with us as we turn from sin and hear the Good News. This we ask through Christ our Lord. Amen.

When They Lived:

St. Catherine de Ricci lived from April 23, 1522, to February 2, 1590.

Where They Lived:

St. Catherine de Ricci spent her life primarily in Florence, Italy. She was born and lived in the city, and she eventually joined the Dominican Convent of San Vincent in Prato, a town near Florence, where she spent most of her religious life.

Notable World Events During Their Time:

• Scientific Revolution (16th-17th century): St. Catherine de Ricci’s lifetime coincided with the beginnings of the Scientific Revolution, a period marked by significant advancements in science and mathematics. Scholars like Copernicus, Galileo, and Kepler were making groundbreaking discoveries that reshaped humanity’s understanding of the universe.
• Council of Trent (1545-1563): The Council of Trent was a crucial event in the history of the Catholic Church. It addressed various issues raised by the Protestant Reformation and led to reforms within the Catholic Church, as well as the reaffirmation of its doctrines and teachings.
• Exploration and Colonization: The 16th century saw European exploration and colonization on a global scale. Explorers like Christopher Columbus, Ferdinand Magellan, and Vasco da Gama were undertaking journeys that expanded the known world and had far-reaching cultural, economic, and political consequences.
• Elizabethan Era: St. Catherine de Ricci’s life also overlapped with the Elizabethan Era in England. Queen Elizabeth I’s reign (1558-1603) was marked by cultural achievements in literature, theater (with the works of Shakespeare), and the arts, contributing to the English Renaissance.

Their Patronage:

St. Catherine de Ricci is known as the patron saint of artists and against temptations. Her life story, deep spirituality, and connection with the Dominican Order make her a source of inspiration for those in creative fields. As a Dominican nun, she dedicated her life to prayer, self-discipline, and a profound connection with God. Her ability to resist personal temptations and maintain unwavering faith serves as a beacon for individuals striving to overcome their own challenges.

St. Catherine de Ricci’s unique experiences as a contemplative nun in Renaissance Italy make her a fascinating figure to explore, bridging the worlds of faith, art, and science during a transformative period in human history. Her story reminds us that even in the midst of societal changes and intellectual advancements, personal devotion and spiritual resilience can leave a lasting impact on the world.

When She Lived:

St. Catherine de’ Ricci, also known as Catherine de’ Ricci, was born on April 23, 1522, and she lived during the Renaissance period, which was a time of great cultural and intellectual growth in Europe.

Where She Lived:

She spent most of her life in Prato, a picturesque town in Tuscany, Italy. This location was significant as it was not only a hub of artistic and cultural activities during the Renaissance but also the setting for many of Catherine’s spiritual experiences.

Notable World Events During Her Life:

1. The Council of Trent (1545-1563): One of the most significant events in the history of the Catholic Church, the Council of Trent aimed to address the challenges posed by the Protestant Reformation. It led to important reforms within the Catholic Church and shaped the course of Christianity.
2. The Scientific Revolution (16th-17th centuries): During Catherine’s lifetime, the Scientific Revolution was unfolding, challenging traditional beliefs and paving the way for modern science. This period saw breakthroughs in astronomy, physics, and other fields, leading to a profound change in humanity’s understanding of the universe.
3. The Age of Exploration: The 16th century was marked by European exploration and colonization of new lands. This era brought about encounters with new cultures, significant navigational advancements, and the expansion of global trade networks.
4. The Life of Galileo Galilei (1564-1642): Galileo, a renowned astronomer and physicist, lived during Catherine’s time. His discoveries, such as the moons of Jupiter and his support for the heliocentric model of the solar system, had a profound impact on science, even though they also brought him into conflict with the Catholic Church.

Her Patronage:

St. Catherine de’ Ricci is the patron saint of artists and against temptations. This is intriguing as she herself lived during a time of artistic flourishing in Italy, and her devotion to resisting worldly temptations exemplifies her spiritual strength. Her life is an inspiration not just for those in the Catholic faith but for anyone seeking to balance a pursuit of beauty and creativity with a strong moral compass. Her story is a reminder that even in the midst of significant historical events, individuals with unwavering faith can make a lasting impact.

Call to Duty

She began attending a school run by nuns at the age of 6 or 7 after she was enrolled by her father, who was from a family of known bankers and merchants. It is there where her zeal for the devotion towards the passion of Christ was developed. Her aunt was a nun there, and she watched over her and administered her catechesis with the help of other sisters.

She went on to join the Convent of St. Vincent at the age of 14, which is a community of sisters who have separated themselves from the rest of society known as the Third Order of St. Dominic. This community had a strict way of life, and that is what was appealing to St. Catherine.

Life as a Sister

During her training, she faced a lot of challenges, as she would have ecstasies and seem like she was sleeping. All this resulted in her dropping plates and food, resulting in members of the community wondering if she was competent enough to be a sister. They also questioned her sanity. These episodes of ecstasies often happened from Thursday noon to Friday 4 p.m.

By the age of 30, St. Catherine had risen in the ranks to become a prioress; this was because other sisters now had an understanding of her behavior spiritually. She is believed to have miraculously held baby Jesus during some of her visions.

St. Catherine engaged in extreme forms of fasting and other forms of sacrifice for the souls in purgatory. She was reported at one point to have appeared hundreds of miles away from where she was physically. She appeared in a vision to Philip Neri, whom she had maintained a long correspondence with.

In her position as a prioress, St. Catherine was an effective and greatly admired administrator. She was also corresponding with three people who were destined to become Popes. St. Catherine also had an advisory role on different topics for bishops, cardinals, and princes, and her advice was greatly sought after.

St. Catherine gave advice through letters as well as in person, and she was very effective in her work with her priorities in place. She was able to provide her services to all social classes, and there are thousands of letters available that are evidence of that.

All these celestial experiences began when she was 20 and continued for the next 20 years. She served as a prioress for 36 years, and she was known as a kind and considerate superior who was very gentle with the sick. She is also known for always being cheerful and merry, with a friendly personality.

Like a Holy person, many people wanted to be close with her, as she received much attention due to her holiness. She received a lot of visitors.

St. Catherine was able to leave the Catholic church with a hymn of passion. That hymn is sung slowly, and it used to be sung in Dominican houses every Friday of Lent, and it is still being sung in many places.

5 Interesting Facts About St. Catherine de Ricci

• St. Catherine is believed to have had miraculous visions and
  corporeal encounters with Jesus, both the infant and the adult Jesus.
• She is believed to have spontaneously bled from the wounds of the
  crucified Christ.
• A coral ring is reported to have appeared on her finger during
  times of deep prayer, and this ring represented her marriage to Christ.
• St. Catherine is believed to have been mystically married and
  united with an adult Jesus.
• St. Catherine had stigmata, which are wounds on those areas that
  Jesus had the nails drilled through during his crucifixion.

Prayer to St. Catherine de Ricci

Father, we pray that St. Catherine will continue to influence people on earth to be great spiritual leaders, just as she did while here among us. She inspired many people, who in turn inspired many others. Give us the grace to die to ourselves, Lord, that we may be vessels, like Catherine, through whom you reach many. In Christ’s name, we pray. Amen.

When they lived: Saint Paschal Baylon lived during the late 16th century, specifically from May 24, 1540, to May 17, 1592.

Where they lived: Saint Paschal was born in Torrehermosa, a small village in the Kingdom of Aragon, which is now part of Spain. He spent most of his life in the region of Valencia.

Notable world events during the time of their life:

• Scientific Revolution Begins (1543): Copernicus publishes his groundbreaking work “De revolutionibus orbium coelestium,” challenging the prevailing geocentric model of the universe and laying the foundation for modern astronomy.
• Spanish Armada (1588): The Spanish Armada, a fleet of ships sent by King Philip II of Spain, attempts to invade England but is defeated by the English navy. This event marks a significant shift in the balance of power in Europe.
• Battle of Lepanto (1571): The naval Battle of Lepanto takes place, where the Holy League, led by the Papal States and various Catholic maritime states, defeats the Ottoman Empire, preventing its further expansion into Europe.
• Elizabethan Era (1558-1603): The reign of Queen Elizabeth I of England sees a flourishing of arts, exploration, and literature, including the works of William Shakespeare, which continue to impact culture to this day.
• Treaty of Tordesillas (1494): Although this event predates Paschal’s life, its consequences shape the era. The treaty divides newly discovered lands outside Europe between Portugal and Spain, leading to European colonization of the Americas.
• First Permanent English Settlement in America (1607): Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in the Americas, is established in what is now the state of Virginia, marking the beginning of the colonization of North America.

Their patronage: Saint Paschal Baylon is the patron saint of Eucharistic congresses and Eucharistic associations. He is revered for his deep devotion to the Eucharist and his unwavering faith in the real presence of Christ in the Blessed Sacrament. His life story is an inspiring testament to the transformative power of faith and the importance of spiritual communion with the divine.

Early Life

Paschal Baylon was born at Torrehermosa in the Kingdom of Aragon in Spain on May 16, 1540. It was the day of the Feast of Pentecost, and for this reason, his parents named him Paschal. His parents, Martin Baylon and Elizabeth Jubera, were not particularly wealthy individuals.

Early Childhood

He worked as a shepherd from the age of 7 until the age of 24. His life of mortification began when he was a shepherd. He prayed while on duty, and he was attentive to the church bell that rang at the elevation during Mass. He was an extremely honest and responsible young man. When his animals damaged crops in the fields, he took full responsibility and offered to pay the owners damages.

To fight illiteracy, he carried a book when he went to the fields where he looked after sheep. He asked people that he met to teach him how to read the letters in the book. Due to this dedication, Paschal was able to read at a very tender age.

Despite being poor himself, Paschal always helped other poor people wherever he could. At some point, he would give away part of his dinner to the poor. His pious nature influenced people to adore and respect him. He was also an individual with high levels of respect for those he came across.

In 1564, Paschal joined the Friars Minor and went into a life of penance wholeheartedly. He turned down the opportunity to study for the priesthood because he felt that it was not his path. He chose to be a brother instead.

He did not like comfort, and as a result, he wore a coat with steel spikes or a tunic lined with rough pig hair designed to cause discomfort. He walked barefoot in the snow and on the roughest roads. He also slept outside in the cold, occasionally. He adapted to all places and seasons. He was always content and cheerful.

Lifestyle

He was a cook, porter, gardener, and official beggar who went around asking for alms. He lived his life in contemplation and meditation all the time, even at work. He never wasted food. He preferred eating leftovers from the kitchen. At the end of each week, he ate a few boiled vegetables soaked in water with wormwood.

He was a devoted Christian who spent nights at the altar to commune with God through meditation on faith. In 1576, he was sent to France to defend the Real Presence against the opinions of Calvinist preachers. As he was preaching, he was despised, and the Huguenot mob wanted to kill him. They chased him away, throwing stones and dirt at him. He suffered a broken shoulder and bruises.

Date of Death

Paschal fell ill and died on May 17, 1592, at the age of 52. He was buried in Villarreal, where his tomb became a place of pilgrimage where miracles were performed. In 1730, an indigenous Guatemalan claimed to have seen Saint Paschal appear as a skeleton in robes. This event became the basis of the heterodox tradition of San Pascualito.

Pope Paul V beatified Paschal on October 29, 1618, and Pope Alexander VIII canonized Paschal as a saint on October 16, 1690. Today, he is celebrated annually by Catholics.

Patronage

Pope Leo XIII proclaimed the Saint as the seraph of the Eucharist and patron of Eucharistic Congresses and affiliated associations. Pope John XXIII named the Saint as the patron saint of the Sergobe diocese on May 12, 1961.

5 Interesting Facts About St. Paschal

1. His tomb at Villareal was a source of many miracles, and it became a
   place of pilgrimage.
   3. Art often depicts him wearing the Franciscan habit and bearing a
   monstrance to signify his devotion to the Holy Eucharist.
2. St. Paschal’s grave was desecrated, and anti-clerical leftists had
   His relics burned during the Red Terror at the time of the Spanish Civil War.
   War.
   5. In 1730, an indigenous Guatemalan claimed to have seen Saint Paschal.
   appearing as a skeleton in robes. That was the beginning of the
   heterodox tradition of San Pascualito.

Prayer to St. Paschal

I desire to love you, my Lord, my light, my strength, my deliverer, my God, and my All. What have I in heaven, O Lord,and what do I want besides your love and grace? You are the God of my heart; you are my portion and my inheritance for eternity. Amen. (A Prayer of St. Paschal) St. Paschal, you were filled by the Holy Spirit with a wondrous love for the sacred mysteries of Christ’s Body and Blood. Intercede for us now that we may obtain the grace of profound faith and tender devotion for Jesus in the Most Blessed Sacrament. May we draw from the Eucharist the same spiritual riches you received with great joy, and may our lives reveal the enduring fruit of love, generosity, and goodness to the glory of God our Father. St. Paschal Baylon, lover of the Eucharist, pray for us. Amen.

When she lived:

St. Apollonia is believed to have lived during the late 2nd century and early 3rd century, around the years 200-249 AD.

Where she lived:

St. Apollonia lived in Alexandria, an ancient city located in Egypt. During her time, Alexandria was a prominent cultural, intellectual, and trading hub in the Mediterranean region.

Notable world events during the time of her life:

• Severan Dynasty: The Severan dynasty ruled the Roman Empire during the late 2nd and early 3rd centuries. This period saw a mix of military successes, internal strife, and cultural developments.
• Crisis of the Third Century: The Roman Empire experienced a period of crisis marked by economic instability, military conflicts, and numerous short-lived emperors. This era had a significant impact on the stability of the empire.
• Persecutions of Christians: During St. Apollonia’s lifetime, Christians faced intermittent persecutions by the Roman authorities. This period saw waves of hostility towards Christians, varying in intensity and impact.
• Decian Persecution: In 250 AD, Emperor Decius initiated a widespread persecution of Christians, requiring citizens to offer sacrifices to the Roman gods. This event had a profound effect on the early Christian community.
• Origen’s Theological Works: Origen, an influential Christian theologian, lived and worked in Alexandria during the same time as St. Apollonia. His theological writings and teachings greatly influenced early Christian thought.
• Roman-Gothic Wars: In the mid-3rd century, the Roman Empire faced invasions and conflicts from various groups, including the Goths. These wars highlighted the challenges faced by the Roman military and administration.

Her patronage:

St. Apollonia is recognized as the patron saint of dentists and those suffering from dental problems. Her story is often invoked to provide comfort to those in pain, particularly dental pain, as she herself famously endured the torture of having her teeth shattered during her persecution.

Early Years

Apollonia was born in the 2nd century in Alexandria. Her father was a Roman magistrate who firmly believed in the religion of the state. Apollonia grew up into a beautiful maiden, good and pure. She was taught by her mother about Jesus Christ and Christianity at an early age.

When she was older, she developed a strong desire to be baptized and serve God. An angel appeared and led her out of Alexandria into the desert to the cell of Leonine, a disciple of Saint Anthony.

Baptism and Ministry

Apollonia told Leonine that she wanted to be baptized into Christianity. She was baptized and sent back to Alexandria to preach the Good News of Jesus Christ. She returned home full of joy and energy to preach the Word of God. She preached with eloquence to the people who were hungry for the Word. She won a lot of souls for Jesus Christ through her preaching.

Apollonia’s father received complaints that his daughter was breaking the law by preaching the gospel. She was reprimanded by her father, but she refused to abandon her faith.

Death

On February 9, 249, a mob attacked and captured Apollonia, demanding that she abandon her faith. Emperor Phillip was on a mission to rid the empire of Christianity. The mob brutally hit her face to the extent that she lost all her teeth. She was ordered to leave Christianity and worship pagan gods publicly or be thrown into the fire.

They kindled a big fire and threatened to burn her alive if she stood by her faith. She then jumped into the fire voluntarily, to the surprise of the mob.

The fact that she died for her faith and beliefs led to people describing her as a martyr. However, St. Apollonia was not consumed entirely by the fire at Alexandria. Remnants of her head and teeth were recovered from the ashes by her disciples. These fragments have been distributed all over Europe, with some bits and pieces reaching America.

The hand of St. Apollonia is in the ancient Basilica of Santa Maria in Trastevere in Rome. San Basilio in Rome has preserved the jaw of Apollo. Another jaw is kept at the church of Saint Anne de Beaupré,near Quelle.

Pieces of her teeth are held in churches in Naples, Volterra, and Bologna. All Roman Catholic churches consider her remains to be sacred.

St. Apollonia’s martyrdom resulted in many churches and altars being dedicated to her. Catholics believe that she is the patroness of dentists. Individuals suffering from toothache and other dental diseases pray to her so that she can intercede on their behalf.

The fact that she defied her persecutors at such an old age reflects that she was a courageous woman. Other Christians fled the city, but she fought her battle of faith till the end.

St. Apollonia belongs to a class of early Christian martyrs. When they are confronted with the choice between renouncing their faith or suffering death, they voluntarily embrace their death.

Apollonia spent her whole life serving God, and even at her old age, she was determined to spread the gospel. She dared to risk her life to comfort imprisoned Christians.

In Roman Catholic art, paintings of St. Apollonia are visible on stained glass windows, illuminated manuscripts, architecture, and other forms of Christian art. These representations reflect the lives or deaths of saints.

St. Apollonia is represented in the art with a pair of pincers holding a tooth or with a golden tooth suspended from her necklace. This shows the way that she died; hence, Catholics view her as the patron saint of dentists.

5 Interesting Facts About St. Apollonia

1. Her image is the side support of the arms of the British Dental
   Association.
2. In art, she is often represented with pincers, in which a tooth is
   held. Ancient art depicts her with a golden tooth at the end of
   her necklace.
3. In some parts of Europe, Catholics believe that fasting and prayer
   On the day of St. Apollonia’s celebration (February 9), guarantees
   a toothache-free year.
4. St. Apollonia is observed as the patron saint of dentists because all her
   teeth were knocked out for refusing to renounce her faith in
   Christianity.
5. Her greatest sacrifice was that of her own life as she jumped free.
   from their captors and jumped willingly into the burning fire.

Prayer to St. Apollonia

Glorious Apollonia, patron saint of dentistry and refuge to all those suffering from diseases of the teeth, I consecrate myself to thee, beseeching thee to number me among thy clients. Assist me by your intercession with God in my daily work and intercede with Him to obtain for me a happy death. Pray that my heart, like yours, may be inflamed with the love of Jesus and Mary, through Christ our Lord. Amen. My God, bring me safe through temptation and strengthen me as thou didst our own patriarch Apollonia, through Christ our Lord. Amen.

When They Lived:

St. Jerome Emiliani, also known as St. Jerome Aemilianus, lived from 1486 to 1537.

Where They Lived:

St. Jerome Emiliani was born in Venice, Italy, and spent most of his life in various parts of Italy, including Venice, Treviso, and Somasca.

Notable World Events During Their Time:

• 1492 – Columbus’s First Voyage: Christopher Columbus embarked on his first voyage to the Americas, opening up new horizons for exploration and discovery.
• 1517 – Martin Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses: Martin Luther’s posting of the Ninety-Five Theses marked the beginning of the Protestant Reformation.
• 1520s – Renaissance and Scientific Advancements: The Renaissance witnessed a flourishing of art, culture, and science, with figures like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Copernicus challenging conventional thinking.
• 1521 – Magellan’s Circumnavigation: Ferdinand Magellan’s expedition completed the first circumnavigation of the globe.
• 1529 – Ottoman Siege of Vienna: The Ottoman Empire’s failed siege of Vienna marked a significant event in the struggle between Christian Europe and the Ottoman Empire.
• 1534 – Act of Supremacy: King Henry VIII’s Act of Supremacy declared the English monarch as the supreme head of the Church of England.

Their Patronage:

St. Jerome Emiliani is recognized as the patron saint of orphans and abandoned children. His life’s work was dedicated to providing care and education to these vulnerable youngsters. St. Jerome Emiliani’s story is particularly intriguing due to his transformation from a soldier and a wealthy socialite to a compassionate humanitarian. After his conversion, he founded orphanages and educational institutions, contributing to the well-being of countless children. His legacy serves as a reminder of the transformative power of compassion and the potential for individuals to make a positive impact on society, regardless of their background.

Freed From the Chains

Jerome Emiliani was born in 1486 in Venice, Italy. He belonged to a wealthy and noble family. He became an outstanding soldier and was put in command of a fortress high in the mountains. While he was defending the post given to his authority, some troops of Maximilian I invaded Jerome’s jurisdiction. Eventually, he was taken prisoner and thrown into a dungeon.

Jerome was kept chained in a miserable prison. In that dark prison, Jerome had a lot of time to think. While he was in pitiful seclusion, Jerome began to regret the careless and irreligious life he had been living. He was remorseful for wasting several years living an immoral life. He was sorry that he had thought almost nothing about God. In his misery, Jerome gradually learned how to pray.

Jerome prayed to the Blessed Virgin Mary. He made a vow that he would change his life if she would help him. Not long after, his prayers were answered. Jerome was able to escape to safety. It is said that, with a heart filled with gratitude, Jerome went straight to church. There, he hung his prison chains in front of the Blessed Mother’s altar.

A New Life

Jerome returned to Venice, where he took charge of the education of his nephews. At the same time, he began studying for the priesthood. After his ordination to the priesthood, he devoted himself to works of charity. His special concern was for the many homeless and poor orphans, mostly children, he found living in the streets. Moved by their pitiful situation, Fr. Emiliani rented a house for them. He fed them and gave them clothes. He also devoted his time to instructing and teaching them about the truths of the Catholic faith.

In the years after his ordination to the priesthood, circumstances called Fr. Emiliani to a decision and a new mission. Famine and plague broke out in the northern regions of Italy. He began caring for the sick and feeding the hungry at his own expense. While he was serving the poor and the sick, Fr. Emiliani resolved to devote himself and even his property solely to others, most especially abandoned children. Driven by such a noble desire to serve, he founded three orphanages, a shelter for penitent prostitutes, and a hospital.

Apostle of the Poor

Later on, around the year 1532, Fr. Emiliani and two other priests started a religious congregation of men that he called the Company of the Servants of the Poor. Their charism was to care for the poor, especially the orphans, and to teach the young. He also did all he could for the poor peasants. He even worked with them in the fields. While working by their side, Fr. Emiliani would talk to them about God’s goodness and share with them the Gospel of Christ.

Fr. Emiliani was a gift to the people of his time and an inspiration to all. While caring for the victims of the plague, Fr. Emiliani himself fell ill. He died in 1537. He was canonized as a saint by Pope Benedict XIV in 1767. His feast day is February 8.

Five Interesting Facts About St. Jerome Emiliani

1. In 1928, Pope Pius XI named St. Jerome Emiliani the patron saint of orphans and homeless children.
2. St. Jerome Emiliani became the mayor of Treviso while studying for the priesthood.
3. St. Jerome Emiliani is believed to have developed the question-and-answer catechism technique for teaching children religion.
4. The Company of the Servants of the Poor, founded by St. Jerome Emiliani, is now known as the Clerks Regular of Somasca, named after the town of Somasca, where they started and where they founded a seminary.
5. St. Jerome Emiliani shares the celebration of his liturgical feast with St. Josephine Bakhita on February 8.

Prayer to St. Jerome Emiliani

O God, Father of mercies ,who sent Saint Jerome Emiliani as a helper and father to orphans, grant, through his intercession, that we may preserve faithfully the spirit of adoption, by which we are called, and truly are, your children. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, your Son, who lives and reigns with you in the unity of the Holy Spirit,God, for ever and ever Amen.

The Church has been gifted with men and women who courageously faced death because of faith. Their witnessing even unto death has earned them an eternal crown from the Lord. Their example of faith and courage gives us reasons to hold on to God’s promise of glory after suffering for His Name.

Ministering to a Hostile Land

The Catholic faith reached every land in the world. During the 16th century, it made its way to the shores of Japan through the efforts of St. Francis Xavier, a Jesuit missionary. Even after his death, the Jesuit missionaries continued their mission in Japan. Their toil had gained the Church around 200,000 Japanese Catholics by 1587.

However, religious tensions initiated a period of persecution in that same year. Many churches were razed to the ground. Missionaries were forced to work and exercise their ministry in secret. Despite the restrictions, 100,000 more Japanese became Catholic within a decade. There were very few episodes of martyrdom that took place during this time.

By order of Spain’s King Philip II, Franciscan missionaries came to Japan from the Philippines in 1593. These missionaries zealously worked through evangelization and acts of charity. However, their very presence disturbed a delicate situation between the Church and Japanese authorities. Still, the missionaries continued their mission despite the dangers lingering at the doorstep.

In 1587, when Toyotomi Hideyoshi took command in the name of the emperor, he feared that Christians would take over the government. He ordered that all Catholics be banished. Some missionary priests stayed and went into hiding, dressing like Japanese so they could continue to minister to the Christians. But the outright persecution did not begin until late 1596, when Hideyoshi gathered up 26 Jesuits, Franciscans, and laypeople and prepared to martyr them.

Japan Claimed Its First Crowns

Among these was Paul Miki, a Jesuit novice who had just completed eleven years of training. Paul came from a noble Japanese family and was converted when he was a child. At age five, he was baptized. Paul was educated by the Jesuits, and at age twenty-two, he joined their congregation as a novice. He had studied intensively the teachings of the Buddhists so as to be able to debate their priests. He welcomed his chance at martyrdom but may have wished just a little that it would be delayed long enough for him to be ordained a priest.

Hideyoshi had the left ears of the twenty-six martyrs cut off as a sign of disrespect. To give a stern warning to the Japanese, they were paraded through Kyoto. Paul was dressed in his simple black cassock, which made him stand out among them. Instead of instilling fear among the onlookers, the whole horrible display had the unexpected effect of evoking compassion from the crowd, some of whom later became converts.

The martyrs were then taken to Nagasaki. They were tied to their crosses, with their necks held in place by iron rings. Beside each was an executioner with a spear ready to strike. An eyewitness gave this account:

“The crosses were set in place… Their steadfast behavior was wonderful to see…

Our brother, Paul Miki, saw himself standing now in the noblest pulpit he had ever filled. To his ‘congregation, he began by proclaiming himself a Japanese and a Jesuit. He was dying for the Gospel he preached. He gave thanks to God for this wonderful blessing, and he ended his ‘sermon’ with these words: ‘As I come to this supreme moment of my life, I am sure none of you would suppose I want to deceive you. And so I tell you plainly: there is no other way to be saved except the Christian way. My religion teaches me to pardon my enemies and all who have offended me. I do gladly pardon the Emperor and all who have sought my death. I beg them to seek baptism and be Christians themselves.’

Then he looked at his comrades and began to encourage them in their final struggle. Joy glowed in all their faces, and in Louis’ most of all. When a Christian in the crowd cried out to him that he would soon be in heaven, his hands and his whole body strained upward with such joy that every eye was fixed on him.” (Extracts: “From an account of the martyrdom of Saint Paul Miki and his companions, by a contemporary writer”, Liturgy of the Hours, Office of Readings, Memorial of St. Paul Miki and companions)

As they awaited death, Paul and his companions sang the Canticle of Zechariah. The executioners stood by respectfully until they had chanted the last verse. Then, at a given signal, they unsheathed their spears and thrust them into the victims’ sides. On that day, February 5, 1597, the Church of Japan welcomed its first martyrs.

Five Interesting Facts About St. Paul Miki

1. St. Paul Miki could have been the very first Japanese priest if he had escaped arrest because he had already finished his studies for the priesthood.
2. Pope Pius IX canonized Paul Miki and his twenty-five companions, the Protomartyrs of Nagasaki, in 1862.
3. St. Paul Miki and his companion martyrs are the patrons of Japan and Japanese Catholics.
4. The hill in Nagasaki where St. Paul Miki and his companions were crucified is now known as the “Martyrs’ Hill” or the “Holy Mountain”.
5. Two hundred years after St. Paul Miki’s martyrdom, Japan permitted Christianity again in 1858. Missionaries found thousands of Christians still in Japan. For two hundred years, they carried on the faith in secret.

Prayer to St. Paul Miki

O God, strength of all the Saints, who through the Cross were pleased to call the Martyrs Saint Paul Miki and companions to life, grant, we pray, that by their intercession we may hold with courage even until death to the faith that we profess. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, your Son, who lives and reigns with you in the unity of the Holy Spirit, one God, for ever and ever Amen.